Category Archives: ethnography

Africa’s revolution coming to you on twitter

Africa's revolution in one tweet

If you haven’t seen this yet, here is a great insight into the development of Twitter in Africa. The recent events in Egypt, and across the N.African region, have shown us what coming levels of connectivity can bring about. Youth connected can change the world?

Here were some facts from the Portland report:

· South Africa is the continent’s most active country by volume of geo-located Tweets, with over twice as many Tweets (5,030,226 during Q4 2011) as the next most active Kenya (2,476,800). Nigeria (1,646,212), Egypt (1,214,062) and Morocco (745,620) make up the remainder of the top five most active countries.

· 57% of Tweets from Africa are sent from mobile devices.

· 60% of Africa’s most active Tweeters are aged 20-29.

· Twitter in Africa is widely used for social conversation, with 81% of those polled saying that they mainly used it for communicating with friends.

· Twitter is becoming an important source of information in Africa. 68% of those polled said that they use Twitter to monitor news. 22% use it to search for employment opportunities.

· African Twitter users are active across a range of social media, including Facebook, YouTube, Google+ and LinkedIn.

Read the report in full detail.

VC4Africa and the emergence of an African startup culture

Want to know more about VC4Africa and our work to support starting entrepreneurs? Here is a presentation we recently recorded. I outline some of the recent trends and developments we are witnessing in the space and some of our thinking on how we can do more to support the emergence of an African startup culture.

Time to look beyond ICT4D: New media research in Uganda offers a different perspective

Beyond ICT4D: New Media Research in Uganda is a collection of ethnographic reports from diverse perspectives of those living at the other end of the African ICT pyramid. Crucially, these texts refocus on the so-called “ICT4D” debate away from the standard western lens, which depicts users in the developing world as passive receivers of Western technological development, towards Ugandans whose use and production of technologies entail innovations from the ground up. It is this ‘other’ everyday point of view that is too often missing in the ICT4D debate: valuable voices that put technologies, projects and organizations into their proper context.

Conducted in 2009 by a group of five Masters in New Media (humanities) students from the University of Amsterdam under the supervision of Geert Lovink the research examines both the role and implementation of ICTs in Uganda, covering a wide range of subcultures and projects, including internet cafe usage, print media, NGOs and communities, software subcultures and civic new media. The book argues that now is the time to look beyond the technology layer and instead focus on the social implications and local consequences of digital media’s widespread use. By recognizing the impact that ICTs have on society and identifying what functions currently and what needs to be improved, we can more effectively understand and develop these technologies in the future.

Initiated and introduced by Dutch-Australian media theorist and internet critic Geert Lovink this Theory of Demand publication was produced at the Institute of Network Cultures (HvA).

Authors: Ali Balunywa, Guido van Diepen, Wouter Dijkstra, Kai Henriquez and Ben White (yours truly).

Colophon: Authors: Ali Balunywa, Guido van Diepen, Wouter Dijkstra, Kai Henriquez and Ben White. Editor: Geert Lovink Copy editing: Cindy Jeffers, Lily Antflick and Morgan Currie. Design: Katja van Stiphout. DTP: Margreet Riphagen. Printer: ‘Print on Demand’.

Publisher: Institute of Network Cultures, Amsterdam 2011. ISBN:
978-90-816021-9-8.

This publication is also available through various print on demand
services.

Download the free pdf.

Fast Moving Targets: Africa as promising investment frontier

Here is an interview I did last week with Fast Moving Targets, a new series dedicated to showcasing innovation in media, technology and communications. They are very much tapping into Amsterdam as a creative media lab and the beginnings of a promising startup culture here in the city. Importantly, they ask the question, ‘what’s going on, what does that mean for whom and how do you actually get new trends and technologies to succeed?’

It’s great to see initiatives like this come online. It adds to The Next Web (many people do not know they are based in Amsterdam) and Hackers and Founders Meetups as important platforms for engaging the community, identifying key developments and highlighting protagonists in the space. Fast Moving Targets is an initiative of ‘The Crowds‘ and hosted by Erwin Blom and Roeland Stekelenburg. They have a great production team and it was nice of Johan Schaap, the founder of Probaton, to make the connection.

The show is filmed live which gives it an interesting character and streamed via the site. They film the chit chat before and after the actual show (so be aware:) and take questions from people watching via Twitter. The show has an interactive and relaxed feel to it. Mostly because of the Palm beer. It was also great practice for my Dutch!:) Here is the description as posted on the site: ‘Ben White van VC4Africa probeert werelden bij elkaar te brengen. Investeerders en ondernemers. Europa en Afrika. Omdat hij ziet hoe groot het talent in laatstgenoemd werelddeel is, omdat hij overtuigd is van het zakenlijk potentieel, maar ook omdat hij een idealist is die van Afrika houdt. VC4Africa gaat over geld, maar nog veel meer over netwerken. Met al duizenden aan boord. Een aflevering van Top Names van Fast Moving Targets.’

The Rise of a Startup Culture in Africa [Video Presentation]

Technology + Entrepreneurs + A vision = Startups in Africa in need of Venture Capital.

This is a one line summary of the presentation I recently gave at the 1% Event in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. In the presentation I talk about the rise of the techprenuer in Africa and the cheetah Generation that is now empowered with the knowledge and tools they need to change the world. This presentation builds on a lot of the ethnographic research I did in Kampala, Uganda and my experiences working on the ICT Entrepreneurship program at Hivos. I also talk about AfriLabs as a network organization connecting technology incubators in Africa and VC4Africa (Venture Capital for Africa) as a platform for crowdsourcing network, information and capital via the web.

Cameroon’s leading techpreneurs [video]

I am pleased to share this video from my recent trip to Cameroon and the time spent with the team at the African Center for Technology, Innovations and Ventures (ActivSpaces). It was great to spend time with so many promising entrepreneurs and meet VC4Africa members in the country. I especially want to thank Valery, Fua, Al, Ebot, Benyella, Fritz and Mohamed for all of their insights and constant inspiration.

I look forward to going back soon and can’t wait for my next plate of Ekwang :)

The Role of Entrepreneurship and Opportunity in Sub-Saharan Africa

As I have written before in my article Rise of the African Entrepreneur, ‘the World Bank reports that 43 per cent of sub-Saharan Africa’s population is between the ages of 0 and 14. That African countries will likely face an increase in job creation pressure is an understatement. Put more simply by the New Vision in Uganda, we are essentially looking at a ticking time bomb. But it would be short-sighted to lump Africa’s youth as part of a growing problem. If anything, this young African generation is part of a new process that breaks down historical barriers and harnesses a new potential to drive solutions.’ It is in the line of thinking that I see a need to focus on entrepreneurship as an important way forward. That is why I was so pleased to read this recently published report by Legatum.

From the Prosperity Index in Africa report:

Celebrating entrepreneurship in sub-Saharan Africa is about recognising the key role entrepreneurs play in fostering wealth and wellbeing for ordinary Africans. Entrepreneurs are ‘enablers’ of growth who help break down economic barriers and social constraints.

Entrepreneurship and local private enterprise are critical components of African economic development. This is because “entrepreneurs innovate and assume risks… hire and manage labor forces… open up markets… [and] find new combinations of materials, processes, and products. They initiate change and facilitate adjustment in dynamic economies.”

The entrepreneurial landscape in Africa is multi-faceted. It includes informal and formal sector, traditional and modern, as well as local and foreign-owned enterprises, all of which are geographically dispersed across rural and urban areas. It ranges from small enterprises (providing employment for a single individual) to large corporations (employing hundreds).

Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), however, are the dominant form of entrepreneurial activity in sub-Saharan Africa. SMEs constitute around 90% of sub-Saharan African business operations and create over 50% of employment and GDP. SMEs tap into domestic and global markets, engaging in activities from retail to telecommunications. They help to fill a growing demand in the goods and services sector, as consumer demand and discretionary income within Africa rises. Finally, SMEs act as incubators of specialization and innovation within an economy, allowing the country to diversify and industrialise.

Indeed, entrepreneurial activity of this type has played an important role in the period of sustained and relatively high economic growth that Sub-Saharan Africa has experienced over the last decade. Increased foreign direct investment, rising basic commodities prices, and the growth of export-led industries have all continued to aid economic development. More importantly, however, are the liberal economic reforms and reductions in government expenditures that have helped to foster a new entrepreneurial culture, allowing SMEs to drive new growth in the region.

The Legatum Prosperity IndexTM demonstrates that the keys to helping entrepreneurship and opportunity thrive are building a strong infrastructure for Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and creating an environment in which access to opportunity is available for all citizens. Many sub-Saharan African countries fall below the global average in these areas – but the African countries that do the best, or that have improved in recent years, are the ones that have made great advancements on these measures.

See the report:

Report – The Prosperity Index in Africa

Join the VC4Africa meetup tomorrow in Paris! – May 26th

Second to networking online, VC4Africa makes use of the Barcamp model for organizing our very own VC4Africa Meetups. These are informal networking events initiated by any member in the network interested in bringing together members in their own area. These events are organized without a budget, agenda or speakers. It is exactly the community initiated format and informal structure that allows for lots of effective networking!

Meetups have already been hosted in Johannesburg, Kampala, Nairobi, Kigali, Abuja, Lagos, Tunis, Buea, Douala, San Francisco, Atlanta, New York, Washington D.C., Amsterdam, Leuven, London, Santa Monica and Stockholm. See a video that gives you an idea of what VC4Africa Meetups look like.

If you are in the area, please join the first VC4Africa meetup to be hosted in Paris thanks to Jean-Luc Koffi VOVOR. Time: May 26, 2011 from 7pm to 10pm Location: Café la Bombe Street: 20 Rue du 4 Septembre 75002

As always, let us know if you are interested in joining and please help us spread the word.

Interview: Leslie Tita, the co-founder and brains behind Pulse.cm

Leslie Tita is Cameroonian designer who has great interest in web and print designs. He has 3 years of experience in the field and he was one of the first employees to join RINGO, a Cameroonian Internet Service Provider. Currently he is pursuing his studies in the US and works as a designer for the Cameroonian social network Camerborn. Leslie recently made waves in the African startup space when his project Pulse.cm was selected as a finalist at the MIT $100K YouPitch Entrepreneurship Competition. Up against some of the best and most creative minds in the world, Leslie once again shows African entrepreneurs are ready to take the world by storm.

Tell us about your project. How did it start and what is the idea behind it?

The Pulse project aims to build a low-cost online student services platform for African universities, professors and students. Pulse provides a service where any university can own and operate its own high-end online students network, without having to deploy any technical infrastructure, it will permit lecturers to communicate faster and cheaper to their students. Lastly it will enable students to reduce the cost related to getting information by giving them the possibility receive updates from their teachers and classmates through sms, web and email.

How did you get the ball rolling?

Well Pulse started as an idea to create a social network for the University of Buea. Then after telling ourselves “Please not another Facebook, we are better than that”- we came to discover that though Africans students communicated a lot on the social space most African universities haven’t been able to leverage that. So the idea was to build this new kind of online student service that would take advantage of the existing networks while being customized for each university. We are also basing operations essentially on the mobile experience which is definitely the way forward for digital communication in Africa.

What makes you different or unique? Key milestones?

We are not unique. We took a proven concept and brought it to a market that was unexplored by competitors. That is the reason the we specialise only in online student services focused to the huge African market. In the US, however, every university operates an online students service platform. Some are custom built while others are provided by Blackboard Inc. In Africa the high cost of acquiring such a service makes it difficult for all universities to have one. To this extent Pulse is definitely different, YES!

We believe that all students want to communicate with their educators and that they want to do it outside of class and in a cool way. But not all universities have the technical know how to build a custom online students service, or may consider it too expensive to own one, this is where we come in. Pulse gives each university that low cost private space it needs to operate, and of course adding that social feel so students find it cool and easy to use to ensure the platform doesn’t feel like a burden. As for the milestones, the first was gathering the ideal team to work together on this project. That has been done.

Next we expect:

- start a partnership with the university of Buea
- to roll our pilot program
- follow up with a partnership with ISTDI by the end of the year

Tell us about your experience with the MIT competition?

MIT100k entrepreneurship competition was a really thrilling experience because getting to measure yourself against ivy league colleges such as Harvard, MIT or John Hopkins is definitely something you don’t forget. We were to submit a 60 sec video pitch of our project and have the public vote on it on either facebook and/or youtube.

What is Pulse ? from pulse on Vimeo.

Some people still question if African entrepreneurs are ready to compete globally. You are an example that proves otherwise. How did Pulse do?

Things got interesting because we entered this competition with a considerable disadvantage i.e. the voting was online. One week to the closing of the competition the other entrants had about 300 Facebook likes and by the middle of the week we already had over 500. In the end we totaled over 1000 votes and placed second in the competition.

We would not have made it so get so far without the support of the public. We had very prominent people retweet our link like Rebecca Enochong, Heather laGarde and even Google’s very own Ory Okolloh just to name a few. So though we started at a disadvantage, with the others ahead of us by 300 votes, we were able to catch up and go over 500 votes by the weekend. All through the power of sharing and retweeting.

I do believe if your idea is innovative, needed, sound and feasible, there are people who believe in it. They want to see you grow, let it be locally or globally, and in our case we had over 1000 people support us. If African entrepreneurs can leverage the power of social networks they can go places.

We created a page to thank everyone who voted for us.

Tell us why we should support your efforts?

Why people should support us? Because its feasible, needed and most of all innovative. Already the vast majority of our voters where African students, this just reaffirms our position that we were building an African solution to an African problem. However we made it only to the finals, but the tons of great feedback from across the globe is a win for us.

How do you look at innovation in Cameroon? Can you give us a feel for the startup scene there? Why should people invest now?

Innovation in Cameroon is in its bubble stage, and it only needs to be burst. There is an impressive list of innovative startups coming up like Wasamundi, Ruedelajoie, Njorku and Geofeed.me. I have had the privilege to collaborate with several of these Cameroonian entrepreneurs. The most notable was building the social network Camerborn. These startups have great projects and ideas. Why should you invest in Cameroon? For 2 reasons – 1st because as with other African countries research shows that ROI is very high i.e. “1 dollar in = 10 dollars out” and 2nd because 3⁄4 of the Cameroonian population are people under the age of 21 and these guys are fanatics of Technology, Social networks and Internet. Anyone who can leverage that will definitely have his clear cut.

Moving forward, what are the main areas of support you are looking for?

At this point, we looking forward to partner with universities across Africa. We need the support of these institutions. At this time we are in close talks with 2 for a pilot program, but we also encourage professors/lecturers who are looking for means to communicate with their students outside class to give us a ping. We might just have the thing for you.

Since Pulse will depend a lot on mobile technologies we will be looking in the nearest future to getting support from the local mobile operators and isp’s. And lastly, we do need investment. I should mention that we have been bootstrapped up to this point and we have been doing pretty ok with that.

Is there anything you would like to add? What is VC4Africa for you?

As an entrepreneur the road is very slippery, its benefits maybe cool, but being an African entrepreneur one faces a lot challenges. Not every startup booms and becomes an eventual Ushahidi, MiXit or Facebook. One will definitely have his/her rounds of failures. Lucky for me there is a platform like VC4Africa. This improves my chances of success by providing a free platform that make it possible to network (very important for entrepreneurs) and most especially to showcase our product to potential investors.

Can you add your contact details?

Yes, you get me on leslie.tita [at] pulse . cm or on twitter @titaleslie

Well Leslie, we are certainly impressed with your work and look forward to following your progress. And for all those naysayers out there it’s time to break down the walls, shift the mindset and join the movement of African entrepreneurs dedicated to changing the world. Projects like Pulse lead the way and we are here to follow!

Morning chat with Cameroon’s serial entrepreneur Fritz Ekwoge Ekwoge

Fritz Ekwoge Ekwoge and his father Chief Ekwoge John Ekeme

This morning in Buea is cool after an early morning rain. Clouds still hang on Mount Cameroon as I sit down to talk to a local legend and one of the first entrepreneurs to graduate from ActivSpaces. They call him ‘Fee.’ He hails from the Southwest Province and ‘doesn’t shut up about his products or the potential for SMS.’ His favorite quote from the 2001 movie Antitrust, ‘this business is binary. You are a one or a zero. Alive or dead.’

When he was five years old his dad would send him to the store to buy groceries, but he had a hard time following orders and would often buy something like sweets instead. His dad told him he could never be a doctor because he would forget the scissors in his patient’s stomach and told him he should be a computer analyst instead. Fritz explains, ‘I had no idea what he meant, but I knew I wasn’t going to be doctor. When I grew up there was no computer around me. But later at boarding school one of my friends had a TI82 programming calculator.’ Fritz would borrow the manual and learned about concepts like loops, conditional statements and assignments. With those basic instructions he was able to clone games like snake, minesweeper and even built a mathematical equation solver. He continues, ‘One night I took a Son Goku image and pixel by pixel I replicated it on the calculator. I used to fool my friends that I had built a scanner that could lift images from a book. Most people in high school knew me for tricks like this.’ Needless to say in school Fritz became an invaluable resource for students struggling to pass their exams :)

The famous TI82 :)

Getting excited Fritz continues, ‘I realized I was spending more time with my calculator than my studies. I knew this was my future. After highschool I went to the Polytechnique and got great results. There I continued programming but still I had no idea about the web or the Internet. Everything was PC programming. One project we did was to build a 3D model of the school in C++. In 2005 I created my first Yahoo account in a local cyber cafe for 5000 CFA (about 10 USD).

Asked how he made the jump to becoming an entrepreneur he describes one of the defining moments of his life, ‘One day I was so broke I didn’t have any money for food and went home to chew on raw onions. I knew I wanted out of this situation and could see that the Internet was a better way for me to deploy my software. At the same time people were willing to pay me to develop websites. Becoming successful it wasn’t long before Price Waterhouse Coopers (PWC) came to the campus and offered me a job. It wasn’t 100% technology but I decided to enter the financial world and it was good to get some business background. I think its the combination of the technical, financial and corporate experience that makes for a good founder.’ With this experience and background Fritz didn’t wait long to start out on his own.

Kerawa, his first independent project, was started in 2007. When Fritz moved to Douala he had a really hard time finding a place to stay and he knew there had to be a better way. Kerawa is an online classifieds service similar to Craigslist and maintains 200.000 listings. By the third year they passed a 1.000.000 page views a month and Fritz is proud to confirm that the project makes a profit. Asked how, he explains that the most significant revenue source is from AdSense and now increasingly from the ‘VIP ads’ service.

Asked about his enthusiasm for SMS he says, ‘My passion for SMS started at school. We were supposed to come out with an Operating System project in 2006. I set up a team and I wanted to go beyond computers and leverage the mobile phone. There is so much power with SMS.’ He created a unique shell that allowed him to command his PC (and all the PCs in the school network) via SMS. He says, ‘Any command on my phone could be executed on the PC. If I wanted to shut it down I could type in ‘Shut Down’ and send it to the machine. The application was originally called VeSMS but is now known as COMPP.’ See one of his academic papers.

Realizing he had the skills to do something interesting Fritz explains, ‘I was telling myself I have to do something with SMS one of these days. I thought there should be a simple way to find contact details for people via their phone. In Africa we grew up with mobile phones but we don’t have a yellow pages or white pages. In Cameroon we have 100.000 fixed line users compared to 9 million mobile phone users. But where is the directory? How are we going to translate the idea of a directory for our needs here in Cameroon?’ On February 2009 he he launched the iYam.mobi beta.

He set up the company with one laptop (which acted like a server) and two phones that served as SMS gateways – one for MTN Cameroon and the other for Orange. He put up a 1 page website to explain how it worked and immediately he saw people testing it from the African countries and the US.

It was a matter of time before the project was discovered by people like Bill Zimmerman who could coach him and help promote him as an entrepreneur. Fritz says, ‘With help and mentorship I was able to secure the funding I needed to grow the iYam.mobi business.’ Now he processes 30.000 SMS a month and recently added an appstore and group SMS functionality.

Asked about the future Fritz pauses, ‘One of the biggest challenges for entrepreneurs here is getting paid for their services. Many people are not comfortable paying online and so we need to develop the sales force that can develop our offline channels. This offline approach is one of our key efforts moving forward.’ Indeed, taking concepts into the market is a real challenge. Not only for Fritz but for starting tech entrepreneurs in countries like Kenya, Uganda, Ghana, Nigeria, etc. His offline efforts are commendable and I think offer a needed focus.

Asked about ActivSpaces he responds, ‘Places like ActivSpaces are so important. I got to meet experienced people and received the support I needed to develop my ideas and build my business. It helped transform me from a local geek to a local star.’ It’s great to meet Fritz and to see first hand some of the progress he is making here in Cameroon. Even more exciting, I can see he is not alone and is surrounded by techies with great projects making similar strides.

And this is only the beginning Fritz explains, ‘We are still in a starting phase here in Cameroon but we are developing models now and I can see things changing. People are abandoning their jobs, not giving into the frustrations and are taking their destiny into their own hands.’ Being at the VC4Africa meetup last night with Buea techies @mambenanje @ekwogefee @nyvacol2005 @didiblaise @camvista & @mohamed_felata I couldn’t agree more.